Thursday, February 13, 2020
The Impact of the Internet and Product Development Essay
The Impact of the Internet and Product Development - Essay Example Though the internet started its development journey in the 1960s it is only in the 1990s that commercializing of the same Started. This period between the 1990s and today saw massive a leap in the number of internet users, with the same reaching 2.2 billion in 20101. Founded in or around 1976, Apple Inc.s formative years were also the internets formative years hence the close association of the two as Apple Inc., is a growing computer hardware company, produced hardware that was used hand in hand with the internet. Their growth therefore coincided. When internet marketing became a common phenomenon the company took the earliest opportunity to market itself through the internet. The company has kept pace with the latter growth in terms of the number of customers and profitability and will continue to do so as the two are closely connected. The two billion people who get to visit the internet are able to learn about apple through its may advert in its website and other popular sites in cluding search engines. The marketing of the company is therefore personalized. The adverts have gone a long way to create and model the personalities and legacies of persons connected with apple such as its late icon, Steve Jobs3.Ã Internet marketing is largely responsible for Apple business success today. The third largest mobile phone producer in the world, Apple has placed over a billion adverts on the internet for the time it has been in operation4. As a result, Apple is the most admired company in the united states today. The company aims to maintain its high customer base and it is convinced it can do so through solely marketing its products on the internet. The company also aims to disburse information on its products as fast as possible and the same can only be effectively achieved through the internet.Ã
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Protecting and Improving Quality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Protecting and Improving Quality - Assignment Example s, equity in the provision of health services, efficient utilization of resources, effectiveness, timeliness, and focusing on patients needs (Institute of Medicine, 2001). Joint effort may be required to help organization achieve its goals. As a leader, measures that will be taken to improve the quality include implementing IT because it will revolutionize service delivery in the health sector. It is also important to bring all stakeholders on board for them to be involved in the search for quality services. Sensitive issues about the sector should be resolved amicably to avoid deadlocks which may hamper the delivery of improved service delivery (Institute of Medicine, 2001). Medication errors arise because of negligence from health practitioners. Controlling risks and putting safety measures in place needs a serious focus on the systems will aid in making errors severe. Medication safety refers to preventing accidents to patients who have come to seek medication. Lack of safety measures can make health institutions to be sued because of failure to comply with the set safety standards. Legal suits may interfere with operations of the facilities (Lewin, Altman, & Institute of Medicine, 2000). In order to improve quality service in the health sector, performance of professionals in this sector needs to be evaluated frequently. Such evaluation may help to ensure health practitioner improves their performance (Institute of Medicine of the national academics,
Friday, January 24, 2020
Comparative Mythology: What Similarities and Differences Between Mythos
The Greeks and the Norse are the two sectors of humanity most well known for their mythologies. Both countries have vastly different climates, the Greek were flourishing with their fertile Mediterranean soil and during the countryââ¬â¢s prime it was considered a paradisical society. The Norse, however, were stuck with frigid stubborn land and short growing seasons. This is reflected in both mythologies as Greek Mythology, while still explaining heavy subjects such as death and illness, had a much more cheery feel compared to the constantly brooding Norse Gods. The Greek creation myth begin with Chaos a veil of nothingness that surrounds the entire universe. Chaos is also surrounded by an unending stream of water ruled by Oceanus. The goddess Eurynome came out of the stream and with the help with of Ophion, a snake of the North Wind she gave birth to Eros. With the joy of her child she danced upon the waves of Oceanusââ¬â¢ stream making the land and populating it with diverse creatures. Three of these creatures were the Moirae the three sisters of fate who assign menââ¬â¢s birth, destiny, and death. Also born out of Chaos was Gaia, the goddess of the Earth; Ouranus, the god of the sky; Tatarus, the god of the underworld. Gaia and Ouranus had six sets of titan twins and six other monstrous children. Ouranus banished the cyclopes and giants to Tartarus which made Gaia furious. Gaia then called on her Titan children for help exacting her revenge. Only Cronus offered to help cut his father into pieces using a sickle. Cronus then had six children with Rhea, his sister. He proceeded to eat each of these children in paranoia that they were to overthrow him. Rhea, however tricked him of eating Zeus by giving him a rock instead. Zeus then grew up o... ...led an axis mundis and is ââ¬Å"an imaginary vertical axis running as a center pole from the zenith of the sky through the ground, uniting heaven, Earth, and the Underworld.â⬠(p.516, Rogers). The two examples of this are Bifrost and Yggdrasil, the second of which might represent how important plant life is to the Nords as if Yggdrasil were to die the apocalypse would erupt.Norse believe that the Titan, Ymir, had to die for Earthââ¬â¢s creation, while the Greeks believe that the Earth was created by Eurynome simply bounding on the ocean. This may further reflect the ease in which crops grow in the origins of the mythos. Works Cited Rogers, Eugene F, Jr. Theology and Secuality: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2002. Print. Myers, Nicole. Comparisons of Creation Myths. Seminole State College of Florida. 19 Feb. 2009. Web. 20 May 2014.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Dangers of Bottled Water Informative Speech
Dangers of Bottled Water General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech my audience will able to describe the dangers of Bottled water. Central idea: Bottled water is not as safe as people believe it to be. Organization Style: Cause and Effect I. Introduction Attention getter: ââ¬Å"Every five minutes in the U. S over 2 million plastic bottles are used (Arrey). â⬠Americans drink about 7 billion gallons of bottled water a year thatââ¬â¢s about $8 billion dollars in sales per year (Arrey). We all drink bottled mineral water these days.We all like to think it's a far healthier option than tap water. It's extremely handy to be able to carry around your own water supply in in this hectic and fast paced world we live in. As you all know in am a chemistry major so I spend a lot of time in a lab. I have noticed that the that the purified water we use isnââ¬â¢t as pure as we would like it to be. This water is purified the same way that most bottled water is. So this made me wonder what is in the water causing it to react with thing that is shouldnââ¬â¢t be reacting with.So I stared doing research and found report after report that are reveal the facts that the industry dosenââ¬â¢t want you to know the true face of the bottled mineral water industry. Preview points: As I progressed through research and found that the easiest way to divide the startling facts into to three categories the first the ture Sources of the water, then move on to Quality and the nasty hidden secrets, and finally Bottled Water vs. tap. II Body. A. The Source 1.We are all too easily fooled by fancy pictures a fancy language we really need to stop and read more carefully the labels of the food products we are consuming because often first appearances are misleading. a. Example Alaska Premium Glacier Drinking water claims to be the pure glacier water from the last unpolluted frontier, the actual source comes from a municipal water supply in Greenville, Tennes see (Layton). 2. One brand that claims to come from a mountain range actual comes out of the back of a car park. 3. The truth is that 40 per cent of mineral water you buy ctual come from the tap and they label it as ââ¬Å"pure Spring Waterâ⬠of ââ¬Å"Natures waterâ⬠. 4. As a matter of fact, you and I could start our own bottled water company tomorrow and the FDA would have very little authority over us and the brand. 5. Even if a manufacture is caught selling unsafe water the most they can be fined for is that they are false adverting there are no fines for any of the health hazards that it may have presented to the local population. Now that I have discuss the hidden secrets of the sources lets move on to the quality of the water.II. Quality 1. When we all think mineral water these days we think of it as far safer option. Research has proven otherwise. a. The Environmental Working Group conducted a comprehensive test on 10 of the top U. S. brands of bottled water and fo und an alarming amount of containments. Out of these brands tested and contaminated a total of 38 chemical pollutants there was an average of 8 contaminants in each brand. b. The list of the 10 brands tested is anonymous as part of market based research, except for 2 brands: Wal-Mart and Giant bottled water brands.These 2 were actually named in this study because the first tests and numerous follow-up tests confirmed that these 2 brands contained contaminants at levels that exceeded state standards or voluntary industry guidelines. 1. The most alarming contaminants were cancer causing byproducts of population, fertilizer residue, industrial solvents, caffeine, pharmaceutical and heavy metal mineral including arsenic and radioactive isotopes(Evolving). B. 1. Another study showed that nearly one third of the brands on the market have an illegal level of bacterial growth.This study also found high levels as high as 13 parts per billion of arsenic tap water is only allowed to have 5 par ts per billion. 2. They also found Phthalates which is a chemical compound that mimic estrogen. 3. This test went on to test this impurities on lab rates and found that the damaged the genitals, kidneys, liver and lungs, and know they are starting to find these same symptoms in humans. 3 Bottled water vs. Tap A. FDA regulations for bottled water are more lax than the that of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency which regulations for municipal drinking water. 1.FDA regulations start with the most basic must have a sanitary container and sanitary environment. 2. According to ââ¬Å"HowStuffWorksâ⬠The FDA states that it must come from approved sources. But the FDA but does not come out and make sure it is safe it just means it comes from either a protected natural source, such as a spring or artesian well in which measures have been taken to assure against contamination by surface water; or a municipal source of drinking water. 3. There are rules on what the bottle can say t hey do have to put if the water originally came from an untreated sources (Layton).B. In some areas FDA regulation on bottled whatever are stricter than the EPA rules C. Example- Tap water, which travels through lead pipes to get to your faucet, is allowed to have up to 15 parts per billion of lead by necessity, whereas bottled water can't have more than 5 parts per billion. D. This rules all sounds great in theory, but the harsh reality is that, about 70 percent of bottled water never crosses state lines for sale, making it exempt from FDA oversight(Baskin). E. However in most cases EPA rules are much stricter. 1.Tap water is not allowed to contain any Coli or fecal coliform bacteria at all (Coli can cause illness, and fecal coliform can indicate the presence of disease-causing agents), bottled water is allowed to have trace amounts of these contaminants. 2. Bottled water sources are typically tested for harmful contaminants once a week at most. They results are not disclosed to th e public or community whereas municipal water supplies are tested hundreds of times every month. As I conutiued to read on this subject I kept seing that bottled water had a 4,000 percent markup up value.Since I work at walmart that gives me the ability to scan the item and look up the mark up value so I did and I found this to be ture. III. Conclusion So to recap: ââ¬â Bottled water has the main dangers 1-Source of the water in the bottle; with little regulation we could be drinking anything and we are not provided results or data for what the water contains 2- Quality. Even the bottled water from reliable sources is still not as purified sometimes as would a home water treatment do for probably at the same price, if not less. 3- Just because it is bottled ater dose not meant that it is any better than regular tap water. `Works Cited Arrey, Eliel. ââ¬Å"3 Dangers YOU Ought To Know About Bottled Water. â⬠EzineArticles. com. SparkNET, 5 Oct. 2010. Web. 6 Mar. 2013. Baskind , Chris. ââ¬Å"MNN ââ¬â Mother Nature Network. â⬠MNN ââ¬â Mother Nature Network. Http://www. glickinteractive. com/, 15 Mar. 2010. Web. 06 Mar. 2013. ââ¬Å"Evolving Wellness. â⬠Evolving Wellness RSS. Http://www. evitaochel. com, 18 Oct. 2008. Web. 06 Mar. 2013. Layton, Julia. ââ¬Å"How Bottled Water Worksâ⬠29 August 2006. HowStuffWorks. com. 06 March 2013.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Cultural Brief of Taiwan - 2283 Words
INTRODUCTION POLITICAL, LEGAL, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIROMENT HOFSTEDEââ¬â¢S DIMENSIONS Geert Hofstede is a Dutch researcher who identified five dimensions of culture to help understand how and why people from various cultures behave the way they do. The five Hofstedeââ¬â¢s cultural dimensions are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity vs. femininity, and time orientation. Taiwan has a high power distance meaning that people blindly obey the orders of their superiors, and strict obedience is found. Taiwan ranked high in uncertainty avoidance meaning that the people do not like uncertainty and tend to have a high need for security and a strong belief in experts. In individualism Taiwan ranked as a low individualisticâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬Å"Guanxiâ⬠is another term related to the connections and types of relationships Taiwanese use to conduct business. Businesses are conducted among friends, friends of friends, family, and people of you r own level or higher statues. This concept is believed to open doors, smooth problems, and open more connections. Taiwanââ¬â¢s religion is based on the ââ¬Å"three teachingsâ⬠; Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Each religion has its own temples, priest, and sacred texts, but most people practice a blend of the ââ¬Å"three teachingsâ⬠referred to as popular or folk religion. Family is very important in the Taiwanese culture and one thing that brings family together every day is food. Dinner is the most important meal of the day because it reinforces family relationships. The exchange of food means equality and people of higher ranks are never invited to dine at oneââ¬â¢s home. Fish the favorite food, and food is mostly cooked in soups, stews, and deep fry. Taiwan is famous for its tea and it can be found in almost every corner of Taiwan. Tea is the most famous drink because it is considered stimulating, conducive to conversation, and beneficial to health. EXPECTA TIONS REGARDING DRESS APPOINTMENTS Taiwanese are very punctual and they expect to be always on time for an appointment. They are very easy in scheduling appointments and the best way to set an appointment is by telephone or email. Most firms have business hours from 9AM to 5:30PM Monday to Friday, so contact them betweenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sealed Air Taiwan Case Analysis1493 Words à |à 6 PagesCase Summary: The central issue Sealed Air Taiwan is currently facing is how to determine if the newly hired, Paul Huang, can produce the necessary sales results and whether he fits the mold for his position as sales manager. Historically, Sealed Air Taiwan was struggling with both stagnant sales and high operating costs. The branch was not adapting well to the Sealed Airââ¬â¢s established business model and there were even talks of shutting the branch down. Bob Kayser was brought in to turnRead MoreEthnographic Interview1520 Words à |à 7 PagesEthnographic Interview: Taiwan Culture Experience 1 Ethnographic Interview: Taiwan Culture Experience Vntge Jayne Clark Atlanta University Communication Cultural Diversity, Professor Howell March 14, 2011 2 PRECONCEPTIONS Culture is defined as the traditions, customs, norms, beliefs, values and thought patterning passed down from generation to generation (Jandt 2010). The world consists of many different cultures. InRead MorePolaris Securities Co. Ltd1676 Words à |à 7 PagesPolaris Securities Co. Ltd has experienced substantial growth in the countries of Taiwan and Hong Kong. This document will review a case created around Polaris Securities and the strategies behind its success. This review will contain a synopsis of the case, a brief history of the company as well as identify some key issues in the terms of generic strategies that the company used. The document will define the problem with their strategy and what would or would not work accordingly. An analysisRead MoreBig Four9878 Words à |à 40 Pagescommunicated. It reveals the challenges faced by Western managers in telling Eastern managers they need to improve their performance. The case is about cross cultural management and organis ational structure and control. It offers a fascinating insight into the Board Room of one of the worldââ¬â¢s leading consulting firms. Key Words Cross-cultural management Organisational structure and control Management consulting firms East versus West perceptions on strategy Biography Peter Massingham, PhD isRead MoreExecutive Summary. Our Teamââ¬â¢S Goal Is To Research And Analyze1135 Words à |à 5 Pages7-Eleven Japan (SEJ) and other regional 7-Elevens are owned by the massive conglomerate SEVEN i holding Co., Ltd. Our team will discuss a brief history of SEI and SEJ, analyze their respective mission statement, dissertate various veteran friendly initiatives, highlight top officers and their impact on the company and how the business addressed various esoteric cultural differences in global markets. We, as a group, will conduct the following; look back in the history of this company and its humble beginningRead MoreEconomic Development Of Hong Kong931 Words à |à 4 PagesGlobalization is manifesting itself as a result of colonial processes. The effects of Hong Kongââ¬â¢s colonial history are still present as it is not its own independent city-state and currently has semi-autonomous rule under mainland China. 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Discuss It might not be the first time that you hear about what is called globalization, but you have never thought what does it exactly means and what are its elements because it is not easy to be defined .In a brief summary, Three main elements are involved in the process of globalization which are the people, companies, and governments of different countries in which they unite or collaborate together to be able to trade different objects or materials internationallyRead MoreEssay about Japanese Business Market1297 Words à |à 6 PagesJapan would require an analysis of its cultural and economic environment. The Japanese market is considered to be the worldââ¬â¢s most lucrative market. The biggest problem is how to get into it. Japan is known throughout the world for its economic successes, yet Japanese society remains an enigma to many outside its borders. The analysis conducted in this paper will present the positive and negative aspects of opening a in the Japanese market. Brief History Japan, an island country is aRead MoreTesco Entering in China1244 Words à |à 5 Pages1) What is the case talking about in brief: The case focuses on the entry and expansion strategies of Tesco in the Chinese market. The Chinese retail sector offered huge opportunities for international retailers with the average annual growth in the last 20 years being around 15%. Tesco entered China in 2004, after several successful Asian ventures including Thailand, South Korea and Japan. The Chinese market was a very different market in terms of tastes and preferences from the other markets that
Monday, December 30, 2019
Biography of Mary Todd Lincoln, Troubled First Lady
Mary Todd Lincoln (December 13, 1818ââ¬âJuly 16, 1882) was the wife of President Abraham Lincoln. She became a figure of controversy and criticism during her time in the White House. After his death and the deaths of three of her children, she suffered great grief and was emotionally erratic. Fast Facts: Mary Todd Lincoln Known For:à Wife of Abraham Lincoln, she was a controversial first ladyAlso Known As: Mary Ann Todd LincolnBorn:à December 13, 1818à in Lexington, KentuckyParents: Robert Smith Todd and Eliza (Parker) ToddDied: July 16, 1882 in Springfield, IllinoisEducation: Shelby Female Academy, Madame Mantelles boarding schoolSpouse: Abraham LincolnChildren: Robert Todd Lincoln, Edward Baker Lincoln, William Willie Wallace Lincoln, Thomas Tad Lincolnà à Notable Quote: I seem to be the scape-goat for both North and South. Early Life Mary Todd Lincoln was born on December 13, 1818, in Lexington, Kentucky. Her family was prominent in local society, at a time when Lexington was dubbed The Athens of the West. Mary Todds father, Robert Smith Todd, was a local banker with political connections. He had grown up near the estate of Henry Clay, a major figure in American politics in the early 19th century. When Mary was young, Clay often dined in the Todd household. In one often-told story, 10-year-old Mary rode to Clays estate one day to show him her new pony. He invited her inside and introduced the precocious girl to his guests. Mary Todds mother died when Mary was 6 years old, and when her father remarried Mary clashed with her stepmother. Perhaps to keep peace in the family, her father sent her away to the Shelby Female Academy, where she received 10 years of quality education at a time when education for women was not generally accepted in American life. One of Marys sisters had married the son of a former governor of Illinois and had moved to the state capital of Springfield. Mary visited her in 1837 and likely encountered Abraham Lincoln on that visit. Mary Todds Courtship With Abraham Lincoln Mary also settled in Springfield, where she made a major impression on the towns growing social scene. She was surrounded by suitors, including attorney Stephen A. Douglas, who would become Abraham Lincolns great political rival decades later. By late 1839, Lincoln and Mary Todd had become romantically involved, though the relationship had problems. There was a split between them in early 1841, but by late 1842 they had gotten back together, partly through their mutual interest in local political issues. Lincoln greatly admired Henry Clay. And he must have been impressed by the young woman who had known Clay in Kentucky. Marriage and Family of Abraham and Mary Lincoln Abraham Lincoln married Mary Todd on November 4, 1842. They took up residence in rented rooms in Springfield, but would eventually buy a small house. The Lincolns had four sons, three of whom died before adulthood: Robert Todd Lincoln was born on August 1, 1843. He was named for Marys father and would be the only Lincoln son to live to adulthood.Edward Baker Lincoln was born on March 10, 1846. Eddie became ill and died on February 1, 1850, weeks before his fourth birthday.William Wallace Lincoln was born on December 21, 1850. Willie became ill while living in the White House, perhaps because of polluted water. He died in the White House on February 20, 1862, at the age of 11.Thomas Lincoln was born on April 4, 1853. Known as Tad, he was a lively presence in the White House and Lincoln doted on him. He became ill, probably with tuberculosis, in Chicago and died there on July 15, 1871, at the age of 18. The years the Lincolns spent in Springfield are generally considered the happiest of Mary Lincolns life. Despite the loss of Eddie Lincoln and rumors of discord, the marriage seemed happy to neighbors and Marys relatives. At some point, animosity developed between Mary Lincoln and her husbands law partner William Herndon. He would later write scathing descriptions of her behavior, and much of the negative material associated with her seems to be based on Herndons biased observations. As Abraham Lincoln became more involved in politics, first with the Whig Party and later with the new Republican Party, his wife supported his efforts. Though she played no direct political role, in an era when women could not even vote she remained well-informed on political issues. Mary Lincoln as White House Hostess After Lincoln won the election of 1860, his wife became the most prominent White House hostess since Dolley Madison, the wife of President James Madison, decades earlier. Mary Lincoln was often criticized for spending too much money on White House furnishings and on her own clothing. She was also criticized for engaging in frivolous entertainments at a time of deep national crisis, but some defended her for trying to lift her husbands mood as well as the nations. Mary Lincoln was known to visit wounded Civil War soldiers and took an interest in various charitable endeavors. She went through her own very dark time, though, following the death of 11-year-old Willie Lincoln in an upstairs bedroom of the White House in February 1862. Lincoln feared that his wife had lost her sanity, as she went into a prolonged period of mourning. She also became very interested in spiritualism, a fad that first caught her attention in the late 1850s. She claimed to see ghosts wandering the halls of the White House and hosted seances. Lincolns Assassination On April 14, 1865, Mary Lincoln was seated beside her husband at Fords Theater when he was shot by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln, mortally wounded, was carried across the street to a rooming house, where he died the following morning. Mary Lincoln was inconsolable during the long overnight vigil, and according to most accounts, Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton had her removed from the room where Lincoln was dying. During the long period of national mourning, which included a lengthy traveling funeral that passed through northern cities, she was barely able to function. While millions of Americans participated in funeral observances in towns and cities throughout the country, she stayed in a bed in a darkened room in the White House. Her situation became very awkward as the new president, Andrew Johnson, could not move into the White House while she still occupied it. Finally, weeks after her husbands death, she left Washington and returned to Illinois. Troubled Later Years In many ways, Mary Lincoln never recovered from her husbands murder. She first moved to Chicago and began to exhibit seemingly irrational behavior. For a few years, she lived in England with her youngest son Tad. After returning to America, Tad Lincoln died and his mothers behavior became alarming to her oldest son Robert Todd, who took legal action to have her declared insane. A court placed her in a private sanatorium, but she went to court and was able to have herself declared sane. Death Suffering from a number of physical ailments, Mary Lincoln sought treatment in Canada and New York City and eventually returned to Springfield. She spent the final years of her life as a virtual recluse and died on July 16, 1882, at the age of 63. She was buried beside her husband in Springfield. Legacy A well-educated and well-connected woman from a prominent Kentucky family, Mary Todd Lincoln was an unlikely partner for Lincoln, who had come from humble frontier roots. She is known mostly for the great losses she suffered in her lifetime and the emotional instability that resulted. Sources ââ¬Å"The Life Of Mary Todd Lincoln.â⬠à eHistory.Turner, Justin G., and Linda Levitt Turner.à Mary Todd Lincoln: Her Life and Letters. From International Publishing Corporation, 1987
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Politics And Action Aiding Disaster Victims - 1601 Words
Pg. 64-77 Politics in Action: Aiding Disaster Victims â⬠¢ After the famous Hurricane Katrina struck, the political after effects caused nothing but chaos. o This caused a huge dispute between the national government and smaller state governments over forming a Louisiana National Guard. â⬠¢ Overall, this caused a huge uproar since the people all over America were forced to watch the state of Louisiana while the federal government just sat and waited. â⬠¢ This is important because it brings up the idea of what responsibilities should the federal government be obliged to versus the state government. o In order to delve into this topic, it is important to understand the American philosophy of federalism. o The relationship between the two can often be seen as confusing and often leads to a chaos filled environment as seen with the incident in Louisiana. Defining Federalism â⬠¢ Federalism- A way of organizing a nation that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people; it is a system of shared power between units of power. o This is not a common way of administering a government even though the United States is not alone on following this philosophy. o We are subject to follow what the national government and state government regulates. â⬠¢ Unitary government- A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government; most national governments today are unitary governments. o This is true for the United States from theShow MoreRelatedThe Process Of Decision Making1910 Words à |à 8 Pagesprocess of decision making can be easily understood as selecting one course of action over other courses actions available. There are also steps that are involved in making decisions. 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